This study examines the camel milk value chain in the area of Tindouf in the southwestern Algeria, analyzing its economic, environmental and social dimensions. A holistic methodological approach was adopted, combining a literature review, field surveys of key stakeholders and analysis of local statistics. The functional approach reveals a poorly structured sector, characterized by small-scale production, the absence of organized collection, and processing limited by the low acceptability of pasteurized milk. Extensive camel farming is based on the use of natural grazing land, with a moderate environmental impact. However, sustainable grazing management is needed to prevent the risks of overgrazing and degradation of resources. The role of women in the sector remains marginal. To ensure sustainable development, the study recommends structuring stakeholders, modernizing infrastructures, improving packaging and exploring new markets, supported by an appropriate institutional policy.